Discus is a native of the calm and warm Amazon River. Keeping discus fish requires the pet owner to have the right information about what to expect and what to offer them to make these exotic creatures happy. Discus fish continually change their behavior according to environmental factors.

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They are generally shy, but if you are planning to keep discus fish you will notice that they become quite aggressive with their own kind. This is because of breeding territory protection. In this type of situation only the strong discus will survive and the weak will get attacked. It is best to keep discus fish in groups. A minimum of six individuals is considered ideal. By keeping them in groups it will increase confidence in group members and lower the risk of misbehaviour. Keeping discus fish can bring lots of challenges and rewards at the same time.

Here are some quick tips for you…

Pairing: Discus fish really don’t take well to arranged marriages. The best way to get a pair together is to buy a group of young unrelated fish of the same color type and let them pair up themselves. This might happen about the time the fish are half grown. Spawning usually occurs when they are about three-fourths of their adult size. The fish will usually remain a pair for the remainder of their lives.

Spawning: Discus will choose a near vertical smooth site, which they clean and then the female will lay from 80-400 eggs. The male will then fertilize the eggs. It can take between 50-60 hours for the eggs to hatch and another 36-48 hours until they are swimming freely.

Breeding Tank: It is best to keep the breeding tanks simple and to have a simple air powered filtration system. The best spawning sites are terracotta cones, broad leafed plants or slate. The water needs to be very soft so the eggs can develop properly. The quality of the water needs to be excellent and have a temperature of about 84-88F. Also a suitable tank size is 24×18x18 inches.

Feeding and Conditioning: The parents will need a good and varied diet. This is not only to condition them to spawn, but to provide nutrition when they are feeding their fry. Large water changes, a temperature rise and heavy feeding is often a good spawning trigger.

Fry Rearing: It’s a good idea to give the fry additional feedings of small food, such as baby brine shrimp while they are with the parents. You will notice after about 3-6 weeks the parents will be exhausted. The fry will be growing fast, so it’s a good idea to remove them. This is where lots of tanks and water changes are needed to achieve a decent growth rate.

So if you’re thinking about breeding discus fish I hope these quick tips have been of some use to you.

Remember it pays to do your research. You can learn everything you need to know at discus fish secrets.

When it comes to maintaining aquarium tanks, lighting is very important to maintain the health of your fish and the environment in the tank. A fluorescent light is the best choice for fresh water aquariums. These can be placed into the hood of the tank. The advantages of putting a light in your tank is that it simulates natural light and helps to enhance the look of the aquarium. Lights that give off too much heat, such as incandescent lights, should be avoided.

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Listed below are some handy tips that will help you in maintaining your aquarium without making you sacrifice your valuable time:

• Any dying or sick fish can spoil the water in your aquarium tank so it is important to regularly check the tank and make sure that none of the fish are sick or dead.
• Watching fish in your tank will help you better understand their behavior. This will also help familiarize yourself with the aquatic environment and make it easy for you to identify unhealthy fish.
• Feed your fish every other day. Be sure to vary their diet.
• Fill in the tank’s evaporated water with de-chlorinated water. Don’t allow the water levels to decrease.
• Replace five to ten percent of water with de-chlorinated fresh water. This process can be repeated at least once in a week. This will help in diluting the toxins or the harmful chemicals in tank thus maintaining the overall pH balance of the ecosystem.
• Make sure that the algae that accumulates on the walls of your tank is scraped away. This should be done once a week.
• Replace, check or clean the filter pads every two weeks. This helps in maintaining aquarium tanks and adding to the hygiene of your tank.
• Check the pH, ammonia and the nitrate levels of the water every two weeks.
• Make sure the gravel in the tank is cleaned at least once in month.
• Heating the tank properly is very important for the health of your fish.
• The temperature level of freshwater tank can ideally be between 75 and 78° F.
• Tropical saltwater fish should be kept in warm water of 78 to 82 ° F. However, Koi and Goldfish do well at higher temperature levels.

By paying attention to aquarium maintenance your fish will stay healthy for a long time. Breaking the maintenance tasks into small jobs and performing them on a regular basis will keep the job of maintaining your aquarium manageable and assure that these tasks will be accomplished.

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Salt water aquariums are different from fresh water aquariums due to the differences in the contents of the salt water. These aquariums also need more equipment in the form of filters when compared to fresh water aquariums. Monitoring water quality is very much essential and plays an important role in keeping its inhabitants healthy.

In saltwater aquariums, both marine animals and plants are kept in a salt-water environment. These aquariums come in different volumes and can range from 80 liters to 1200 liters. A saltwater aquarium is usually made from acrylic or glass and its major components are:

• Tank
• Decorations
• Water
• Filtration equipment
• Test kits
• Lighting

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Saltwater aquariums are categorized depending upon what they contain. Some saltwater aquariums only house fish while others have fish along with live rock. There are aquariums primarily designed to keep corals and many other invertebrates. Live rock is a rock that is found in ocean, is composed of limestone, and is covered with algae and coralline that are essential for the aquarium.

The filtration technique used in these aquariums is more complex than freshwater aquariums. The various components include protein skimmers, dry, and wet filters. Protein skimmers are necessary as they remove dissolved organic compounds from the water before they get converted to nitrates.

Regular cyclical lighting should be used for simulating day and night and is extremely beneficial for fish as it enables them to establish a routine. In aquariums that contain invertebrates where algae growth is essential, intense lighting is required. Saltwater aquarium temperatures should be similar to that of natural environment of the fish, hence a temperature of 24 to 28 degree Celsius should be maintained. It is a must to keep the corals and the fish within proper temperature range so that they grow properly.

If you have a saltwater aquarium, it is necessary that you keep it in good shape. Water testing is important and should be done on a regular basis to prevent any kind of parasitic infections. The ammonia levels and pH levels should be checked every 2 weeks. If the salinity level of the water drops then you will have to add some salt to the water. It is necessary to remove algae from the inside walls of the aquarium. Cleaning of the gravel in the tank is a must and needs to be done on a regular basis.

When selecting animals for saltwater aquariums, you should be very careful, as some breeds of fish are known to be poisonous aggressors. Make sure that the aquatic animals are compatible with each other, otherwise one fish may eat the other. A good remedy for ailing fishing is to keep them in small quarantine tanks until you get to know the exact ailment so that proper treatment can be given.

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Freshwater aquariums have various components. These give the tank a very natural feeling and make the aquarium a comfortable place for the fish. Typically, gravel and stones are placed in the bottom of the tank. Fresh water aquariums also make use of green plants, some of them real and some of them artificial.

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If you decide to keep a fresh water aquarium at your home then you should consider following points-

• A freshwater aquarium needs certain equipment like air pumps, fishnets, kits for testing water quality and other filtration apparatus. Make sure that you have all these, as they are necessary for maintaining a healthy tank. Regular cleaning of the tank is also very essential and should be done with great care.
• You should also decide on the size of your aquarium. Large aquariums allow you to have more fish and are more comfortable for the fish. You should also check the temperature and conditions of the surroundings before installing your tank. Excessive sunlight can be harmful for your fish. It is important to find a safe and shady place to keep your aquarium.
• There are two types of freshwater aquariums. These are known as cold water and tropical aquariums. Tropical aquariums require warm conditions for survival of fish. Hence, you should decide which type of aquarium you want to keep. Both types require different species of fish.
• Another interesting facet of freshwater aquariums is that you can set up the aquariums based on various themes. You can mix various plants and species of fish in your aquarium. You can also fill your aquarium with goldfish of varying shades. The goldfish theme is a favorite theme of almost all fish lovers.

In order to give your freshwater aquarium a more lively and natural touch you can grow real plants instead of artificial ones. The real plants provide oxygen and keep the atmosphere in the tank healthy. When you purchase plants, you should think about the size and other aspects of aquariums. Avoid the growth of algae in your tanks. The real plants too however need proper maintenance. It is necessary to change the water in aquariums after periodic intervals.

The plants should be submerged in water and should be inspected for snails. There are various decorations available in the market, which would spruce up your aquarium. You can add a personal touch to the aquariums by selecting such themes and adding decorations. However, make sure that the extra artificial things you add in your tank do not harm the fish.

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Aquarium plants can create a natural under-water setting in the tank. Most fish tend to hide within these plants, which can make them feel safe, secure and less stressed. Some species of fish cannot survive without the plants. Therefore, the addition of some plants to aquariums is essential. Plants are very important parts of freshwater aquariums. You need to select the plants very carefully and take good care of them.

Aquarium plants not only make the aquarium look good, but they are also serve as spawning nests for any of your breeding fish. These plants also help to maintain water quality. The waste discharged by the fish consists of certain compounds which are useful for the plant’s nutrition. Thus, organic waste is consumed by the plants.

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Plants act as a shelter for several micro-organisms that are beneficial for the environment and ecology of the aquarium. In addition, plants are capable of inhibiting the growth of algae. Plants are also required for reproduction of many species of fish. Some fish use plant leaves as a place to lay their eggs. Adequately planted aquariums can promote the survival growth of certain types of fish.

For beginners, plant species like Java Fern and Java Moss are more suitable. These strong plants can survive in waters that have fluctuations in pH values and hardness. You can select from real or artificial aquarium plants. Real plants can absorb fish wastes and keep the water clean. They can also add extra oxygen to the water to reduce the growth of algae. However, it is possible that fish may eat or uproot the plants. Real plants also require a lot of light for photosynthesis. So it is necessar to provide fluorescent lights to your aquarium when using real plants.

You can also add some artificial plants in mats to your aquarium. These mats look very natural and can offer a fascinating look to your aquarium. There are two types of artificial aquarium plants–those made from plastic and those made from silk. The plants made from silk look more natural as they move within the water. You may add some algae eating fish such as red-tailed black sharks to help keep your artificial plants clean. You can also clean these artificial plants with a plant cleaning solution.

You will need to add trace elements such as potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron to the water. These are essential for the metabolic processes of the plants. You should also keep a bottle of carbon dioxide fitted with a regulator as carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis. A filtration system is necessary for aquarium plants as it can keep the water clean and also helps support photosynthesis.

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There are mainly two types of aquarium lights that are available–fluorescent or incandescent lighting systems. Fluorescent lights help to keep the fish healthy as they closely resemble natural light. It improves visibility of your fish. Incandescent lights should be avoided. They are just not suitable for most small fish tanks. Incandescent aquarium lights give hot spots in the fish tank that can harm or even kill sensitive types of fish.

There are many types of fluorescent aquarium lights available.

• Standard fluorescent bulbs are popular, especially for small tanks. These bulbs normally come in aquarium kits and hoods.
• Another type is the fluorescent aquarium plant bulbs that are specially created for freshwater-planted tank. This bulb fits in almost all the fluorescent lightning fixtures.
• A blue range of spectrum is produced by the Marine actinic blue fluorescent bulbs. The wavelength of these bulbs travels furthest in water. These types of bulbs are very useful for low-light mini reef or saltwater tanks.
• The HO and VHO fluorescent bulbs give a very high light output. Compared to normal bulbs, these bulbs are much more intense and are very useful for aquariums that are very large with a lot of depth.

There are certain other general requirements of aquarium lights related to aquatic plants and other living organisms.

• Any aquarium light must be able to provide at least 3 watts of light per one-gallon water. This would be about 30 watts of light for an average size aquarium.
• Plants need proper aquarium lights to survive.
• Growing corals need proper aquarium lighting. You need to know if the growing corals are highly sensitive to light.
• Corals needs very large amounts of light, usually between 5 to 8 watts.
• Most aquarium fish need up to 12 hours of light.
• A freshwater aquarium needs proper lighting.
• Proper lighting is also necessary to grow healthy aquatic plants.

Nowadays, acrylic lightning is used in aquariums, since it gives light that is similar to natural light. It also helps the viewers see the elements of the aquarium more clearly because it adds a brilliance to the display.

Other types of aquarium lights are

• Power compact lights are more intense than the traditional fluorescent bulbs. They are ideal, since they do not heat up much and save on energy.
• Another popular type of light is the metal halide, which was created in 1960.

Thus, proper aquarium lights are necessary for making the fish tank look attractive and for proper care of the fish.

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It is important to understand some basics of aquarium lighting in order to get a successful lighting environment. There are a number of decisions that you have to take into consideration. The size of the tank, filtration, circulation and lighting styles are all things that have to be considered. When you light the tank, your goal is to create the natural environment as closely as possible so that the fish are not stressed. The fish need their natural cycles of day and night to remain in good health. They would obviously feel very uncomfortable under very bright lights or very dim ones.

Lunar LED lights are available for night lighting. It is rarely pitch black in the open ocean because it is lit by low-intensity moonlight. There many sea creatures that require different types of lighting according to the part of the sea in which they live. If the aquarium organisms come from shaded regions where they get light indirectly then they won’t need twelve hours of sunlight. However, other creatures that live in the shallow tropical areas get intense, full spectrum sunlight for twelve hours of the day. These creatures not only flourish well in bright light but also need it for their overall growth and development.

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The corals and invertebrates that live at the bottom of the ocean receive actinic light. These lights produce UV wavelengths at the blue end of the daylight spectrum, which penetrates water even in the deepest regions. Also, corals and marine invertebrates easily absorb it.

There are different varieties of lamps that are required for aquarium lighting based on the type of fish or aquatic organisms that you opt for.

• Incandescent bulbs are tungsten-filament bulbs that are used in homes and lamps. They also include halogen lamps. They are not calibrated for aquarium use but are sold as aquarium bulbs.
• Fluorescent lighting is the most preferred choice of aquarium hobbyists. These are typically included in aquarium kits. They are the long round tubes that are seen in offices. They provide light over a larger surface than the smaller bulbs and do not heat.
• Power compact fluorescents (PC) are also called compact fluorescents and are the newest technology that is replacing the popular VHO fluorescent systems in many reef aquariums. They take up less space and use less power to produce more intensity.
• Metal halide lamps are the HIDs for your aquarium. These lamps produce intense lighting and are highly prized for their unique quality enabling them to create a shimmering effect. This replicates the natural sunlight in a shallow reef. They are primarily used in saltwater reef tanks where corals, anemones and clams are kept.

Most freshwater fish can survive under any color spectrum range from 5500K to 10000K. Plants can survive with only little more light than the fish tank. They benefit from intense lighting in the aquarium to maintain the symbiotic algae. Thus these are some tips that you can use for aquarium lighting. They are important and go a long way in keeping your fish healthy.

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• They serve as critical components of marine and freshwater aquariums.
• They help to remove chemical and physical waste products and help to maintain the cleanliness of the tank
• They help to support life in aquariums by maintaining good hygiene in the tank.
• Nitrogenous wastes are also cleaned by the filter and thus it helps to maintain a balance of nitrogen in the aquarium.
• With help of mechanical filtration, various harmful particles can be removed from the water column. These particles may contain uneaten food materials, algal debris, feces, dead plants etc.

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You will find that aquarium filters come in a wide variety of types that will meet all your requirements. External and internal filters are the two major types.

An external filter is a commercial type of filter that filters all the water in the aquarium. The water goes through various levels of filters and the filtered water is returned to the aquarium. External filters are handy and require less maintenance. Following are some of the commonly used external aquarium filters:

• Canister filters are used to filter large quantities of waste materials. This filter offers much better flexibility than the other filters. There is a pipe found in the bottom of the filter which allows the entry of the water. The water is filtered as it passes through some filter material and is pumped back in the aquarium with the help of an electric pump that is fitted on the top of the canister. The only drawback of the canister filters is that they are more expensive in comparison to the other filters and the tubes of these filter are long in size so they are difficult to clean.
• Diatom filters have some limitations that they can be used only for sporadic cleaning of tanks and cannot be operated continuously on aquariums. However, this filter is used for removing extremely fine particles and it can easily remove the ultra fine particles from the water column.

Internal filters are filters which are fitted in the aquarium itself. They may make use of an electric pump or the internal power lifter. For cleaning they make the use of the sponge filter, foam cartridge filter etc. Following are some of the commonly used internal filters:

• Airlift filters, they make the use of sponge filters and corner filters. Both these filters used have the same mechanism. The filters are generally placed at the corners of the tank. They are suitable for cleaning the aquariums of smaller sizes.
• Under gravel filters comprise of one or more number of tubes. The under gravel filters consist of a porous plate which is fitted at the base of the aquarium. These filters are driven by means of air displacement. Water is forced out of the uplift tube due to the air stones present at the base. This creates negative pressure on the uplift tube. Once the pressure is built the percolation of water takes place from the gravel which then acts as a filtering material. The greater the flow of water, the greater is the amount of filtration.

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Some of the options to consider for your aquarium decor are–

• coral
• artificial plants
• ceramic decorations
• gravel
• driftwood

Once you have selected a theme, you will have no difficulty in filling your aquarium tank. When arranging the various items in the tank be sure to keep all the small plants and objects in the front and place the larger objects at the back. This will allow all of them to be seen easily.

It is strongly suggested that you only use articles for your aquarium decor that have labels guaranteeing protection of your tank from any harm or toxic ingredient. If you take plants, rocks and driftwood from your home garden or elsewhere, they could possibly contain dangerous ingredients including chemicals and pesticides or minerals that are toxic to aquarium life.

Bleach, soap and other washing products are harmful to fish tanks, so avoid using them to wash your tank decor and ornaments. The best thing is to clean the tank decor and ornaments once a month with a cleaner made especially for washing aquariums and fish tanks. You can use cleaners that remove mineral and biological deposits from the tank. Cleaning the aquarium decor doesn’t need to be expensive. It is generally considered to be a low maintenance activity. However, while adding or removing any aquarium ornament or decoration make sure that you switch off and unplug all the gadgets first.

Aquarium decor not only provides a decorative component, but it also provides essential shelter for your fish and other organisms that live in your aquarium. The various decorative components can also make a place for fish to lay eggs as well as to breed. Rocks or other similar structures used as aquarium decor always become regional boundaries for some of the fish in the tank and stand as obstacles in their paths.

While selecting rocks or other larger structures to decorate your tank, keep in mind that fish prefer exploring, so keep more holes and ridges in the tank. Using various innovative themes, you can also reorganize the decor every time when you clean the tank. It will make the aquarium more attractive and alluring for both you and the fish. In this way, you can use many imaginative aquarium decorative themes to make your fish tank beautiful and eye catching.

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Although you can fill the tank with ordinary water, experts recommend conditioning the water before placing the fish in the tank. Ordinary water usually has a high chlorine content, as well as other dissolved gases. Water can be easily conditioned by pouring it in the tank and keeping it there for a week before you introduce any fish into the tank. There are also some chemicals available in the market that can remove chloramine and chlorine from the water.

Feeding you fish is an integral part of aquarium care and plays an important role in maintaining the health of the fish. Make sure that the fish are fed properly on a daily basis and on time. You can find dissolving feeders that come in various sizes. These range from three-day feeders to fourteen-day feeders. A dissolving feeder will slowly dissolve over a specified period of time and release the food to the fish. You just have to drop these feeders into the aquarium and your fish will be adequately fed.

Fish require feeding 2 to 3 times a day. Food that is uneaten can decrease water quality and can cause cloudiness in the tank. Uneaten food can also contribute to rapid algae growth in the tank. For these reasons, overfeeding the fish should be avoided. Alternating feedings among frozen, freeze-dried, flake and pellet foods can definitely provide a balanced diet for your fish.

Aquarium lights don’t need to be working all the time unless the aquarium has live plants. You can switch on the light while observing or feeding the fish. Room lights are sufficient for keeping fish active throughout the day. If the aquarium lights are kept on for a long time, then it can lead to excessive algae growth. You can also install an electric timer so that fish in the aquarium get a consistent dark or light cycle.

A daily inspection of the tank and the fish should be done. Make sure that all fish are active and swimming properly. It will take some time and experience to observe these habits of your fishes but daily observation can provide the much needed experience.

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You may also want to buy a service maintenance kit that contains all the necessary items for proper aquarium care. Nutrients are formed in the aquarium over a period of time which will reduce water quality. Because of this, it is necessary to dilute the aquarium water regularly so that nutrients remain at a safe level. When you are cleaning the aquarium, there is no need to remove the fish. Removing and then again reintroducing the fish is very much stressful for them. However, under any circumstances, the water that is inside the aquarium should not be disturbed too much. Cleaning debris often will avoid it from floating on the water surface. Use the fish net to remove as much as debris you can.

Here are some aquarium care tips:

• Take special care of the fish by feeding them at the right time
• Regularly checking the equipment that is attached to the aquarium
• Routine maintenance must be carried out every 2-3 months